Seasonal Variations and Their Impact on Brain Stroke Risk

Did you know that the risk of brain stroke doesn’t remain constant throughout the year? A higher incidence of strokes was identified in winter and spring. Lower temperatures may increase the risk of strokes. Cold weather is associated with an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias, including atrialfibrillation, elevated blood pressure, as well as serum lipids, proteins involved in blood clotting, and viscosity. Exacerbation of air pollution, including gases and particulate matter, during winter and spring might also contribute to the seasonal variation in stroke incidence. Understanding these seasonal trends can help individuals take preventative steps to manage their risk effectively.

For a detailed insight into 'Seasonal Variations and Their Impact on Brain Stroke Risk', experienced and well-known Dr. Neeharika L Mathukumalli, Sr. Consultant Neurophysicianat Star Hospitals, shares her expert perspective in this article.  Keep reading to learn more.

Dr. Neeharika L Mathukumalli, Sr. Consultant Neurophysician at
Star Hospitals Banjara Hills Hyderabad

1. What is a brain stroke, and why is it important to understand its causes?

A brain stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, is a serious medical emergency that happens when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. Without a steady supply of oxygen and nutrients from the blood, brain cells can start to die within minutes. This can cause long-term disability, permanent brain damage, or even death if not treated quickly.

Several factors can lead to a brain stroke, which includes:

2. How do changes in temperature during different seasons affect the risk of brain strokes?

Cold weather increases blood pressure and viscosity, while hot weather causes dehydration and thicker blood, both raising stroke risks. Extreme temperature changes and climate shifts further heighten the likelihood of strokes. Non-modifiable risk factors for brain strokes are aspects you cannot change, like your age, gender, race, or family history of stroke. If strokes run in your family or you have genetic predispositions, your risk may be higher. Understanding these factors can help in early prevention and management.

3. Why is the risk of brain stroke higher in winter compared to other seasons?

Colder weather can cause blood vessels to constrict, which raises blood pressure, a major risk factor for stroke. This leads to a higher chance of ischemic stroke, especially when temperatures drop suddenly. While the exact cause of ischemic stroke is still unclear, it's believed that cold weather can increase blood pressure, blood clotting, and affect the breakdown of clots, all of which contribute to the risk. 

4. Does hot weather in summer also increase the chances of brain strokes? If yes, how?

Extreme temperatures, whether very hot or very cold, can increase the risk of stroke by affecting blood pressure and heart conditions. High heat and humidity can lead to dehydration and increased clotting tendency of blood leading to brain stroke. It’s important to recognize that temperature extremes play a significant role in stroke occurrence. Remember, stroke is a medical emergency, and getting immediate treatment can greatly improve recovery chances.

5. Can sudden weather changes, like shifting from hot to cold, trigger a brain stroke?

Yes, sudden weather changes, like shifting from hot to cold, can trigger a brain stroke. A study presented at the American Heart Association International Conference found that not only cold weather but also rapid temperature changes and high humidity can increase the risk of stroke. For every five-degree temperature variation, the risk of hospitalization due to stroke increases by six percent. Additionally, as humidity raises, the stroke risk increases by two percent for every five-degree raise in the dew point.

6. Are older people more affected by seasonal variations when it comes to brain stroke risk?

Yes, older people are more affected by seasonal variations in brain stroke risk. A 1°C temperature change can increase the risk of ischemic stroke by 2.7% in those over 65. Older adults may also have difficulty regulating body temperature. Additionally, certain medications that affect blood pressure and circulation can raise stroke risk in the elderly.

7. Do lifestyle changes in different seasons, like less exercise in winter, increase stroke risks?

Yes, lifestyle changes in different seasons, like less exercise in winter, can increase stroke risks. In colder months, many people spend more time indoors and reduce physical activity. This lack of exercise makes blood vessels less flexible and reduces healthy blood flow, which can raise the risk of stroke. Regular exercise is important for maintaining overall heart and brain health, regardless of the season.

8. How can people protect themselves from brain strokes caused by seasonal changes?

To protect yourself from bran strokes caused by seasonal changes, consider the following lifestyle modifications:

Adopting these habits can help manage stroke risks linked to seasonal changes. Star Hospitals is a leading healthcare provider known for its advanced medical care and expertise in various specialties. Book an appointment with our experts today for world-class treatment and personalized care.