Understanding Dengue: Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti

mosquitoes. These mosquitoes thrive in and near human lodgings, making urban and suburban
areas particularly susceptible. Dengue spreads when an infected mosquito bites a person, introducing the virus into their bloodstream. The virus then incubates for 4-10 days before symptoms begin to manifest. While many cases are asymptomatic or result in only mild illness the virus can sometimes lead ti complications and even death.

Once infected, individuals develop immunity to the specific virus type but remain vulnerable to others. Severe cases can lead to internal bleeding, organ damage, and heightened risks for pregnant women and their babies during childbirth. In this article, Dr. of Star Hospital discusses about Dengue and creates awareness about the symptoms, prevention, and
treatment of dengue cases.

Main Symptoms
1. High fever (up to 104°F or 40°C)
2. Severe headache
3. Pain behind the eyes
4. Joint and muscle pain
5. Nausea and vomiting
6. Swollen glands
7. Rash
Most people recover within a week. However, in severe life-threatening cases, symptoms can escalate into dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Severe dengue is characterised by:
● Severe stomach pain
● Persistent vomiting
● Bleeding gums or nose
● Blood in urine, stools, or vomit
● Bruising under the skin
● Rapid or difficult breathing
● Fatigue and irritability
Preventive Measures
Preventing dengue focuses on avoiding mosquito bites and controlling mosquito populations.

Here are key preventive measures:
Vaccine:
• Availability: Dengue vaccines may be available for people aged 6 to 60 who live in areas
where the virus is common and who have had dengue fever before. The vaccination
involves two or three doses over several months.
• Limitations: These vaccines are not available in all regions, and the World Health
Organisation emphasises that vaccination should be combined with other preventive

methods.
Prevent Mosquito Bites:
• Housing: Stay in air-conditioned or well-screened areas. Mosquitoes carrying dengue are
most active from dawn to dusk but can bite at night as well.
• Protective Clothing: When in mosquito-prone areas, wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants,
socks, and shoes.
• Mosquito Repellent: Use repellents containing at least 10% DEET on exposed skin.
Permethrin can be applied to clothing, shoes, camping gear, and bed netting.
• Reduce Mosquito Habitat: Eliminate standing water where mosquitoes breed. Regularly
empty and clean containers such as planting pots, animal dishes, and flower vases. Keep
these containers covered between cleanings.
Treatment Options
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue. Management focuses on relieving
symptoms and maintaining adequate hydration
. Here are the steps for managing dengue:
• Fever Management: Use acetaminophen to reduce fever and relieve pain. Avoid aspirin
and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as they can increase bleeding risk.
• Hydration: Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration caused by vomiting and high
fever.
• Medical Attention: Seek medical advice for severe symptoms. In cases of severe dengue,
hospitalisation may be required for intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, and close monitoring.
When to Consult a Doctor?
If you develop symptoms of dengue, particularly after visiting an area where dengue is common,
consult a healthcare provider promptly. Immediate medical attention is crucial if you exhibit
signs
of severe dengue such as severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rapid breathing, bleeding, or extreme fatigue.

Dr. Nagaraju Pujari MBBS, MD (Internal Medicine)– Sr. Consultant Financial District, Nanakramguda,

Conclusion

Dengue fever poses a significant health risk, yet through proactive measures and engagement, its impact can be minimised. Stay informed preventive steps, and support local initiatives to control mosquito populations.

Together,we can combat dengue safeguard our well-being. For expert care and immediate assistance, Star Hospital offers 24/7 Fever Clinics with specialised doctors ready to diagnose and treat effectively. Contact us at Banjara Hills: 9100 911 911 or

Financial District: 9071 104 108. Let’s unite in the fight against dengue to ensure a safer,
healthier
future for all.